Isisombululo seSolar Overlay seSitishi seBase

2026-03-23

Izisombululo zeSolar Overlay zeSitishi seBase zidibanisa indlela ecocekileyo nehlaziyekayo yamandla elanga kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu zezikhululo zonxibelelwano, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kunye namathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa.

 

Iimpawu eziphambili:

  • Akukho kuphazamiseka kombane okhoyo
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kweeyunithi zokuvelisa umbane nge-photovoltaic kwiziseko zobonelelo lombane ezikhoyo ngokusebenzisa i-DC coupling
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kuqala ukunika amandla umthwalo

I. Iinxalenye zeNkqubo

Inkqubo ye-Base Station Solar Overlay ngokuyintloko iqulathe uluhlu lwe-photovoltaic (iiphaneli zelanga), isilawuli selanga (njengesilawuli se-MPPT), ibhanki yebhetri yamandla avuselelekayo, izibiyeli zokufaka i-photovoltaic, kunye neentambo zokusasaza amandla. Xa zidibene, ezi zinto zenza inkqubo yamandla eluhlaza esebenza kakuhle, ekrelekrele, nethembekileyo. Uyilo lwenkqubo luyilelwe ukulinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane, ukhuseleko lokusebenza, kunye nokulula kokugcinwa, ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo.

Hayi. Igama lezixhobo Inkcazo yomsebenzi
1 Iimodyuli zePhotovoltaic Zenziwe nge-silicon ye-monocrystalline okanye ye-polycrystalline esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ezi modules zifakwa eluphahleni lwezakhiwo eziluncedo, kwiifacade zeenqaba zentsimbi, okanye kwiirakhi ezixhonywe emhlabeni. Ziguqula amandla elanga abe yi-direct current (DC) kwaye zisebenza njengomthombo wamandla oyintloko wenkqubo.
2 Umlawuli wokuKhiya ukukhanya Ixhotyiswe ngemodyuli ye-MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) edibeneyo, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-photovoltaic ngexesha langempela, ifikelela kwi-15%–25%. Ukongeza, inemisebenzi emininzi yokhuseleko, kubandakanya ii-input circuit breakers, ukhuseleko lombane, kunye nee-output fuses, ezenza zibe yiyunithi yolawulo oluphambili lwenkqubo.
3 Isixhobo sokwaphula iSekethe yokufaka + iSikhuseli sokwanda Ibonelela ngokhuseleko kwimithwalo egqithisileyo, ii-short circuits, kunye nombane ogqithisileyo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezimbi kwaye ithintela umonakalo wezixhobo ngenxa yokutshayiswa kombane wangaphandle.
4 I-Fuse yokuphuma Ifakwe kwisiphelo se-output negative, ithintela i-reverse currents engaqhelekanga ukuba ingachaphazeli okanye yonakalise izixhobo zomthwalo wonxibelelwano olusezantsi, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lombane.
5 Imitha yoMbane yeDC Ijonga ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nedatha yokusetyenziswa komthwalo ngexesha langempela, inika inkxaso yedatha echanekileyo yohlalutyo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, uvavanyo lwenzuzo, kunye nolawulo olukude.
6 Imodyuli ye-RTU Ixhasa ukujonga kude kunye nokulayisha idatha, idityaniswe ngokungenamthungo neenkqubo zokujonga okusingqongileyo kwizikhululo ezisezantsi ukuze kusebenze kwaye kugcinwe ngaphandle kwengqwalaselo, isilumkiso sangaphambi kwexesha, kunye nolawulo lwemeko yokubona.
7 Inkqubo yeGrid-Tie Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kungonelanga okanye ngexesha lokusebenza ebusuku, umbane okhoyo otshintshayo ulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo amandla ombane ukuze wongeze inkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane okuqhubekayo; ukuguquguquka kwevolthi ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha akudluli kwi-0.1V, ngoko ke azichaphazeli ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano.
8 Izibiyeli zokuFaka kunye neeCables Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nokwenza lula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, iinkcukacha zayo zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zamandla kunye nomgama ukuze kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ilahleko yemigca kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwesakhiwo kunye nokuthembeka kombane.

II. Umgaqo-nkqubo Wokusebenza

  • Ukuvunwa kwamandla elanga: I-photovoltaic array (iiphaneli zelanga) ivelisa umsinga othe ngqo (DC) xa ivezwe elangeni.
  • Ukuguqulwa kwamandla: Umlawuli we-maximum power point tracking (MPPT) uguqula ngokufanelekileyo amandla e-DC aveliswa yi-photovoltaic array kwaye ulawula i-output voltage kunye ne-current ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zamandla zesikhululo sonxibelelwano.
  • Ugcino lwaMandla: Amandla ombane aguquliweyo aqala anikezelwe kwisikhululo sonxibelelwano, ngelixa angaphezulu agcinwa kwibhanki yebhetri ukuze asetyenziswe ngamaxesha okungabikho kwelanga okanye ngexesha lokufuneka kwamandla aphezulu.
  • Ukubeka esweni okukrelekrele: Le nkqubo ixhotyiswe ngezakhono zokubeka esweni kude, nto leyo evumela ukuba kubekwe esweni imeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla elanga ngexesha langempela kunye nemveliso yamandla ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokunikezelwa kombane ngokufanelekileyo.

III. Iimpawu zeSisombululo

Esi sisombululo sibonakalise uzinzo kunye nokuguquguquka kwaso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo. Nokuba kukwiindawo zasezidolophini ezinabantu abaninzi, kwiindawo ezikude ezingenamandla egridi, okanye kwiinqaba zonxibelelwano ezinesithuba esincinci, senza kube lula ukusasazwa ngempumelelo kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.

  • Ukusebenza Kakhulu Nokonga Amandla: Ngokusebenzisa imo yombane we-DC ngqo, isisombululo sithintela ukulahleka kokuguqulwa kwe-AC-DC ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% efumaneka kwiinkqubo ze-AC zemveli. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco iyonke yi-≥95%, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu okulinganisiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-98.3%. Indawo eqhelekileyo inokonga malunga ne-2,920 kWh yombane minyaka le, kunye nokwanda kokuveliswa kombane nge-10%–30% xa kuthelekiswa nezisombululo ze-AC.
  • Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko: Iindleko zombane zonyaka kwindawo nganye zingancitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12,000 yuan, kunye nexesha lokubuyisela elimalunga neminyaka eyi-5.5; eli xesha lifinyezwa ngakumbi xa lidityaniswe nezibonelelo zasekuhlaleni. Akukho mvume yoqhagamshelo lwegridi efunekayo, kwaye inkqubo yokusasazwa yenziwa lula, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zentengiselwano yolawulo.
  • Ukuthembeka Okuphezulu: Phantsi kweemeko zasemini, inkqubo inokugcina umbane ngexesha lokucima kwegridi; xa idityaniswe nokugcinwa kwamandla, inokugcina ukusebenza kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwe-3.5 ngexesha lemozulu enamafu okanye enemvula. Uvavanyo lwasentsimini lubonisa ukwehla ngaphezulu kwe-80% kwiimfuno zokuveliswa kombane ezingxamisekileyo, okunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokucima kwesitishi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuqhubekayo.
  • Iingenelo Ezibalaseleyo Zokusingqongileyo: Isikhululo esinye esixhotyiswe ngeemodyuli ze-SPV ezili-18 kuqikelelwa ukuba sivelisa i-7,671 kWh ngonyaka, okulingana nokunciphisa iitoni eziyi-4.374 zokukhupha i-carbon dioxide; xa sijonga iprojekthi yephondo lonke eLiaoning njengomzekelo, ukukhupha i-carbon ngonyaka kungancitshiswa ngeetoni ezingama-267,000, nto leyo eyenza igalelo elikhulu kokusingqongileyo.
  • Ukufakelwa okulula kunye nokuziqhelanisa okuqinileyo: Inkqubo yokulungisa izinto ingagqitywa ngaphandle kokucima kombane kwaye iyahambelana neenkqubo zamandla ezikhoyo ezivela kubavelisi kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo. Ifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa, kubandakanya uphahla, iifacade zenqaba, kunye neerakhi ezifakwe emhlabeni, zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu kokufakwa.
  • Ulungelelwaniso oluqinileyo lweMigaqo-nkqubo: Imodeli "yokuzivelisela ngokwakho ukuze uzisebenzise" ayixhomekekanga kwimiqathango yokuvunywa koqhagamshelo lwegridi. Ihlangabezana neemfuno ezijoliswe kwiSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi zokugubungela i-PV engaphezulu kwama-30% kwizikhululo ezitsha zesiseko, ihambelana nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe sophuhliso lwamandla asasazwayo, kwaye iququzelela ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza nangokubanzi.

IV. Iimeko zeSicelo

Inkqubo yeSolar Overlay yeSitishi seBase ifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesikhululo sonxibelelwano, kubandakanya izikhululo zesiseko esikhulu, izikhululo zesiseko esincinci, kunye nezikhululo zesiseko ze-4G/5G. Le nkqubo ibonisa iingenelo zayo ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikude apho igridi yombane yesizwe ingafumanekiyo okanye umbane ungazinzile. Ngokusebenzisa imodeli yokusebenzisa amandla ngobuchule "yokuzivelisela nokuzisebenzisela ngokwako ngokusebenzisa indawo," esi sisombululo sinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigridi kwaye sibonelela ngenkxaso yombane ezinzileyo nethembekileyo kwizikhululo zonxibelelwano.

V. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwezisombululo ezithile

1. Uhlu ngokwemeko yoFakelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo

Isisombululo sokuQokelela uphahla

  • Imeko Ezisebenzayo: Izikhululo zesiseko seMacro kunye neendawo zokuhlanganisa ezikwiiphahla zamagumbi ezixhobo ezizimeleyo okanye phezulu kweerakhi zeseva.
  • Iimpawu: Isebenzisa indawo engasebenziyo eluphahleni olukhoyo lwegumbi lezixhobo ukufaka iimodyuli zePV. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokufaka izinto, enolwakhiwo olulula; nangona kunjalo, amandla okufaka anqunyelwe yindawo yophahla kunye namandla okuthwala umthwalo.

Isisombululo sokuQokelela iNqaba/iMast

  • Iimeko Ezifanelekileyo: Iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ezidolophini, iindawo ezinqongopheleyo emhlabeni, kunye neendawo zeekhabhinethi zangaphandle ezingenamagumbi ezixhobo azimeleyo.
  • Iimpawu: Iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic zifakelwa ngokuthe nkqo okanye nge-engile emzimbeni weenqaba zonxibelelwano, iipali zokuxhasa, okanye izigqubuthelo zobuhle (oko kukuthi, "ukubeka iinqaba ezincinci").
  • Iingenelo: Ayithathi indawo engaphezulu yomhlaba okanye eluphahleni, ijongana nomngeni "wokungabikho komhlaba okhoyo" kwiindawo zasezidolophini; ukufakelwa ngokuthe nkqo kunika ukumelana nomoya okuhle kwaye ayithambekeli kakhulu ekuqokeleleni kothuli.

Isisombululo sokuQokelela iFacade/Udonga

  • Imeko Ezisebenzayo: Iindawo ezithe nkqo ezifana neendonga zangaphandle zegumbi lezixhobo, iindonga ezijikeleze indawo, kunye nezithintelo zengxolo.
  • Iimpawu: Isebenzisa iindawo ezithe nkqo zesakhiwo ezijikeleze indawo ukufaka iiphaneli ze-PV njengomthombo wamandla ongezelelweyo.

2. Uhlu ngokweNdlela yoQhagamshelo loMbane

Ukudibanisa iDC / Ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo iDC

  • Umgaqo: Umbane othe ngqo (DC) oveliswa yinkqubo ye-PV uguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo ube yi-standard -48V DC efunekayo kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano nge-DC stacking controller (DC/DC converter) kwaye ufakwa kwi-DC busbar yesiza.
  • Iimbonakalo:
  • Ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu: Kususa ukulahleka kwamandla kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwesibini ye-“DC-AC-DC”.
  • Kulula Ukuyisebenzisa: Akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha uyilo lombane we-AC olukhoyo; iqhagamshela ngqo ngaxeshanye nenkqubo yombane yokutshintsha, inikezela "ngeplagi-and-play"
  • Ukhetho Oluqhelekileyo: Okwangoku yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulungisa ukonga umbane kwizikhululo zonxibelelwano.

Isisombululo sokuQokelela i-AC (i-AC Coupling)

  • Umgaqo: Amandla e-PV aguqulwa abe yi-AC nge-inverter, afakwe kwiphaneli yokusasazwa kwe-AC yendawo, aze aguqulwe abe yi-DC ngemodyuli yokulungisa ukuze kunikwe amandla umthwalo.
  • Iimpawu: Ifanelekile kwiindawo ezinkulu okanye kwiimeko ezifuna umbane ngaxeshanye kwimithwalo ye-AC efana ne-air conditioning; nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi kancinci kune-DC coupling xa kusetyenziswa amandla kwimithwalo enxulumene nonxibelelwano kuphela.

3. Uhlu ngokweNkqubo yoMsebenzi kunye neenjongo zokuZivela

Isisombululo esisisiseko sokuQokelela i-PV

  • Injongo: Ukonga umbane kuphela.
  • Izinto ezisetyenziswayo: Iimodyuli ze-PV + isilawuli sokufaka i-PV stacking.
  • I-Logic: Isebenzisa umbane we-PV xa kukho ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye itshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo kumbane wegridi xa kungekho. Ngokuyintloko inciphisa iindleko zombane (OPEX).

Isisombululo sokuQokelela i-PV + kwiSitoreji

  • Injongo: Ukonga amandla + amandla okuxhasa aphuculweyo.
  • Izinto ezisetyenziswayo: Ibhetri ye-PV + i-lithium-ion/isilawuli sokufaka i-PV + inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ekrelekrele.
  • Ingqiqo: Amandla e-PV abekwa phambili kwimithwalo, kunye nombane ogqithisileyo ogcinwa kwiibhetri ze-lithium; ngexesha lokucima kwegridi, amandla anikezelwa ziibhetri. Oku kwenza ukuba "ukucheba okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo" (ukutshaja ngexesha leeyure ezingekho phezulu kusetyenziswa amandla egridi angabizi kakhulu okanye i-PV, kunye nokukhupha ngexesha leeyure eziphezulu) kwaye kwandisa ixesha lokusebenza elingasemva.

Isisombululo esiDibeneyo se-PV-Storage-Diesel/PV-Storage-Grid (Isisombululo esiDibeneyo seHybrid)

  • Injongo: Uzinzo oluphezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu (Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezinengxaki yokunqongophala kombane okanye kwiindawo ze-5G ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi).
  • Izinto ezisetyenziswayo: I-PV + Ugcino lwaMandla + Inkqubo yoThutho oluNgqondileyo (ingabandakanya ujongano lwejenereyitha yedizili).
  • Ingqiqo: I-EMS ngobuchule ithumela imithombo yamandla emine: i-PV, indawo yokugcina, igridi (amandla ombane), kunye nedizili (ijenereyitha).