Zeziphi izinto eziyinxalenye yeRooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems?

Ngokusekwe kwiinjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yehlabathi, Uphahla lwesolar photovoltaic (PV) inkqubo ukufakwa kuqhubeka ukwanda. Ufakelo lwe-photovoltaic olusasazwayo lwehlabathi jikelele lumi kwi-120 GW kwi-2023, apho ngaphezulu kwe-58% ifakwe kwiiphahla zokuhlala, ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-International Energy Renewable Energy (IRENA). Ezi nkqubo zidibeneyo zokuvelisa amandla, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa ziguqula icandelo lamandla ngenxa yeebhloko zazo zokwakha ezisisiseko kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ke, yintoni eneneni inkqubo yePV yophahla lwelanga? Makhe sifumanise ngokweenkcukacha.

Amacandelo anguNdoqo weNkqubo yePV yophahla

1.Iimodyuli zePhotovoltaic

Njengombindi wenkqubo, iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ziye zafumana izizukulwana ezithathu zophuhliso lwetekhnoloji:

Iimodyuli zeSilicon yesiZukulwana sokuqala

I-Monocrystalline PERC (i-Emitter Passivated kunye ne-Rear Cell): Ukusebenza kwemveliso yobuninzi ukusuka kwi-22.5% ukuya kwi-24.8%.

I-Polycrystalline Silicon: Ukusebenza kakuhle ukusuka kwi-17% ukuya kwi-19.6%, ngexabiso eliphantsi malunga ne-¥0.3 nge-watt nganye.

Iimodyuli zefilimu eNcinci sesibini

I-CIGS (i-Copper Indium Gallium Selenide): Iimpawu zokuguquguquka, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukwakhiwa kwezicelo ezidibeneyo ezifana neefacade.

I-Perovskite: Ukusebenza kweLabhoratri kudlule i-33.7%, ebonisa amandla abalulekileyo okuthengiswa kwexesha elizayo.

ITekhnoloji eDityanisiweyo yesiZukulwana sesithathu

Iiseli ze-HJT (Heterojunction): Ziqhayise ngezinga le-bifacial ye-95% kunye nezinga lokuthotywa konyaka elingaphantsi kwe-0.25%.

I-TOPCon (I-Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) Iimodyuli: Ukuphumeza amandla okuvelisa amandla angaphezulu kwe-700W +, ukunciphisa iNdleko yeNqanaba laMandla (LCOE) nge-12%.

Encapsulation Breakthroughs

Iimodyuli zeGlasi ephindwe kabini: Ukubonelela ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuxhathisa kwemozulu kwiimodyuli eziqhelekileyo, ukwandisa ubomi babo bokusebenza ukuya kwiminyaka engama-35.

Iimodyuli ze-Smart: Idityaniswe neechips zokuphucula, ezi modyuli zonyusa amandla ombane wephaneli enye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20%.

2.I-Inverters

Itekhnoloji ye-inverter iguqukela kumacala amathathu aphambili:

3.Iinkqubo zokuGcina amandla (Ngokuzikhethela)

Kwiinkqubo zePV zophahla ngaphandle kwegridi, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe umbane wasebusuku. Iindidi zebhetri eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

I-System Architecture kunye noLawulo lwaMandla

1.Ukuthelekiswa kweentlobo ezintathu zeNkqubo

2.Iinkqubo zoLawulo lwe-Smart

Uluhlu lweHardware

IiSensors zokusiNgqongileyo: Hlala ubeka iliso kwi-irradiance, ubushushu bendawo kunye nesantya somoya.

IiRouter zamandla: Lawula ukulingana kwamandla kwi-DC microgrids ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo.

Uluhlu lweSoftware

Ugcino lwamandla kunye nee-Algorithms zoSasazo: Yabela ngobulumko amandla agciniweyo ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ixesha langempela lokuBeka iliso kunye neePlatifomu zoHlalutyo: Ukubonelela ngolwazi olubanzi lwenkqubo yokusebenza, ukuvumela ukugcinwa okusebenzayo.

Ujongano lolawulo olukude: Vumela ulawulo lweenkqubo ngojongano olusekwe kwilifu okanye usetyenziso lweselula.

Ulwakhiwo lokuFaka kunye neZincedisi

1.Ukukhwela iiRakhi

Ukuxhoma iiracks kubalulekile ekuqiniseni iipaneli zePV ngokuqinileyo kumaphahla. Zifuna amandla omatshini aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa ukumelana neemeko zemozulu ezinzima. Izinyusi ezilungelelanisiweyo zivumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophahla (umz., ukuthambeka, umcaba) kunye nokuqhelaniswa kunye nokwandisa ii-engile zephaneli zokuthambeka ukuze kubanjwe ubuninzi bemitha yelanga.

2.Iintambo kunye neeSealants

Iikheyibhile: Zihlala ixesha elide, iintambo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-UV zinika ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okufanelekileyo phakathi kwamalungu anokulahleka kwamandla aphantsi.

Ii-Sealants: Izitywini ze-Elastomeric waterprooof zigcwalisa imodyuli yesakhelo-iglasi yendawo yomphezulu kwaye ingabandakanyi ukufuma, ukwandisa ubomi bemodyuli.

Amacandelo ongezelelweyo

1.Izixhobo zokuKhusela uMbane

Ifakwe kwiinkqubo zokukhusela kwi-voltage spikes ezibangelwa kukubetha kombane, zikwathintela umonakalo wezixhobo kunye nomngcipheko womlilo.

2.Izixhobo zoKhuseleko lweSekethe

Abaqhekezi beSekethe: Cima amandla ngokuzenzekelayo kumthwalo ogqithisiweyo okanye kwiisekethe ezimfutshane.

Ukuhanjiswa: Ukuphelisa amandla iisekethe ezingalunganga ukukhusela inkqubo kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela.

IiNkqubo zokuJonga iNtsebenzo

AbaLogu beDatha: Irekhodi eqhubekayo yeeparameters ezifana ne-voltage, yangoku, kunye nemveliso yamandla.

Isoftware yokubona impazamo: Sebenzisa ialgorithms esekwe kumatshini wokufunda ukuchonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga (umzekelo, ukuthotywa kwephaneli, imiba yomthunzi) ngexesha langempela.

Ukusuka kwiiphaneli ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline ukuya kwii-microgrids ezihlakaniphile, ukufakelwa kwe-PV ephahleni kuyaguquka ukusuka "kwijenereyitha zamandla" ezizimeleyo ukuya "kumaziko ombane". Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka nokuphucula-nokuba ngaba ukuthengiswa kwe-perovskites, ulawulo lwamandla oluqhutywa yi-AI, okanye uqoqosho lwesikali kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion-solar solar ibekwe ukuba ibe "i-asethi eluhlaza" kwindawo yonke kumashishini kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo, ukuhambisa kokubili ukugcinwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokubuyisela ixesha elide loqoqosho.