Amaxesha okuhlawula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeProjekthi zePhotovoltaic

2025-08-05

Mna. Yintoni ixesha lokubuyisela? Kutheni ibalulekile nje?

Ixesha lokubuyisela libhekisela kwixesha elifunekayo kwiprojekthi ye-photovoltaic yokubuyisela utyalo-mali lwayo lokuqala ngokuphuma kwemali eqokelelweyo ukusuka kugcino lwamandla, ukuthengiswa kombane, okanye izibonelelo. Ifomula iqhelekile:

Ixesha lokuBuyelwa kweMbuyiselo = Iindleko zoTyalo-mali lokuQala ÷ I-Avareji yoMyinge wokuHamba kweMali kweSisambuku soNyaka (uLondolozo lwaMandla + iNtengiso yoMbane + iNkxaso-mali – Iindleko zokuSebenza)

Le metric ilinganisa isantya sokubuyiswa kotyalo-mali; okukhona intlawulo ikhawulezayo, kokukhona isezantsi umngcipheko, kwaye kokukhona inomtsalane kwimali eyinkunzi.

 

Ⅱ. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeProjekthi ze-Photovoltaic kunye namaxesha abo okuBuyiselwa kweNtlawulo

  1. Indawo yokuhlala yophahla lwePV

Kwiindawo zokuhlala e-United States, eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, njl. Kwiindawo ezinamaxabiso aphezulu ombane, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane ngokukhawuleza, okanye inkuthazo yerhafu/yenkxaso-mali, ixesha lokuhlawula linokuba lifutshane.

E-China: Imbuyekezo yonyaka kutyalo-mali imalunga ne-8-10%, kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokubuyisela iminyaka eyi-6-8.

  1. Uphahla lwezoRhwebo kunye noShishino lwePV  

Ehlabathini lonke, kubasebenzisi beshishini, ngakumbi phantsi kweereyithi eziphezulu zombane okanye amaxabiso ahlanganisiweyo, iiprojekthi zorhwebo zinokuzuza imbuyekezo yonyaka ye-10-15%, kunye namaxesha okuhlawula aqhelekileyo malunga neminyaka emi-5.

Kwimimandla efana neCarlifonia, iiprojekthi zeshishini zidla ngokufumana imbuyekezo kwiminyaka emi-3-5, ngelixa imibutho engenzi nzuzo inokuthatha ixesha elide kwi-4-7 iminyaka.

  1. Iifama zePV eziluncedo

Ehlabathini lonke, iiprojekthi zomlinganiselo woncedo olungundoqo, ngakumbi kumazwe atyebileyo kwizibonelelo (e-China, e-Indiya, e-United States, kuMbindi Mpuma, e-Afrika, njl. njl.), afumana imbuyekezo yonyaka ye-6-10%, kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhlawula le-6-10 iminyaka.

Kwimimandla enemithombo yelanga ehlwempuzekileyo kunye nenkxaso-mali encitshisiweyo, efana ne-United Kingdom, iiprojekthi zomgangatho woncedo zinokwandisa ixesha lokuhlawula le-10-12 leminyaka.

  1. Solar yoLuntu

Iiprojekthi zelanga ekwabelwana ngazo noluntu zivumela amaqela amaninzi ukuba atyale imali kwaye abelane ngeenzuzo, ngamaxesha okuhlawula ahluka kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo aqala kwiminyaka eyi-6-20. Amaxabiso ombane engingqi, izibonelelo, kunye nezivumelwano zokuthatha inxaxheba zonke zinefuthe kweli xesha.

  1. Agrivoltaics

Iinkqubo ezidibanisa ezolimo namandla elanga, zenza amafama axhamle kokubini ukulinywa kwezityalo kunye nokuveliswa kombane. Ixesha lokubuyisela lifutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emi-4-8, kunye nezinye iimeko ngokukhawuleza.

  1. I-PV edadayo

Iinkqubo ze-PV ezifakelwe kumphezulu wamanzi zixhamla kwiziphumo zokupholisa kunye neendleko zomhlaba eziphantsi, okukhokelela kwixesha lokubuyisela amandla malunga ne-1.3 yeminyaka (ngokwembono yotyalo-mali lwamandla, hayi eyemali). Elona xesha lokubuyisela ngokwezoqoqosho liqhelekile ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5.

 

Ⅲ. Imiba ephambili echaphazela iXesha lokuBuyisa

  1. Iimeko zeJografi kunye neSolar

Imimandla enezixhobo ezininzi zelanga (ezifana noMbindi Mpuma, uMzantsi Asia, iAfrika, kunye neYurophu eseMazantsi) inokuveliswa kombane okuphezulu ngonyaka, okukhokelela kumaxesha amafutshane okubuyisela. UMntla Yurophu unamaxesha amade okuhlawula.

  1. Amaxabiso oMbane kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yeNkxaso-mali  

Imimandla enamaxabiso ombane aphezulu kunye nenkxaso-mali eninzi (efana namaxabiso entlawulo kunye neekhredithi zerhafu) ifumana intlawulo ekhawulezileyo; kumazwe anenkxaso-mali ethotyiweyo kunye namaxabiso aphantsi ombane, intlawulo iyacotha.

  1. Isikali seNkqubo kunye noHlobo lweProjekthi  

Iinkqubo ezisasazwayo ezincinci zibonelela ngembuyekezo eguquguqukayo kwaye ekhawulezayo; nangona kunjalo, iiprojekthi ezinkulu ze-centralized, nangona iindleko zizonke eziphezulu, zinexabiso eliphantsi nge-kilowatt-yure kunye nemithombo yengeniso ezinzileyo, evumela ukuba ixesha elipheleleyo lokuhlawula lilawulwe kwiminyaka eyi-6-10.

  1. Nokuba ixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokugcina amandla (photovoltaic-storage)  

Iinkqubo zokugcinwa kwe-Photovoltaic zonyusa izinga lokuzitya kodwa ziphakamisa iindleko zotyalo-mali lokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseChina ze-photovoltaic-storage-storage, ixesha lokubuyisela malunga ne-6 iminyaka; Imiba efana neendleko zobuchwepheshe kunye nezakhiwo zenqanaba lexabiso lombane wengingqi nazo zinefuthe kumjikelo.

  1. Iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kunye nokuthotywa kwenkqubo  

Njengoko icandelo lephaneli ubudala kunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko zinyuka, ukuhamba kwemali okwenyani kungaphantsi kancinane kuneemodeli zethiyori. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ugcine i-10-15% ye-depreciation margin.

 

Ⅳ. Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo kwimbono yehlabathi

Uhlobo lweProjekthi Isivuno sonyaka (siqikelelwe) Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokubuyisela (iminyaka) Imizekelo yemimiselo yommandla
IPV eSasazwe ngokuHlala ~8–10% 6–8 / 6–10 ITshayina, iUnited States, iUnited Kingdom, uMbindi Mpuma, njl.
I-PV yoRhwebo/yeShishini eSasazwe ~10–15% ~5 Uphahla lwenkampani, iindawo zokuthenga, izibhedlele, njl.
I-Utility-Scale Ground-Mounted PV ~6–10% 6–10 / 10–12 ITshayina, iIndiya, iUnited Kingdom, iAfrika, iUnited States, njl.
Uluntu PV Eziguqukayo 6-20 UMntla Melika, iYurophu, amazwe asakhulayo, njl.
Agrivoltaic Ingeniso yezolimo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ngaxeshanye 4-8 I-China, iJapan, iYurophu, njl
I-PV edadayo Ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukonga umhlaba, ukonga indawo Imbuyekezo yamandla ~ 1.3 iminyaka; intlawulo yoqoqosho malunga. 3–5 Amazwe anamachibi amaninzi, indawo yokugcina amanzi, kunye nemithombo yamanzi