Zeziphi Izixhobo Ezifunekayo Ukwakha Indawo Yonxibelelwano Lwe-Photovoltaic? Isikhokelo Sokwakha Iindawo Zonxibelelwano Lwe-Photovoltaic

Indawo yonxibelelwano lwe-photovoltaic luhlobo olutsha lweziseko ezingundoqo oludibanisa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic kunye nokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zonxibelelwano. Ibonelela ngombane ozinzileyo nothembekileyo kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano kwiindawo ezinegridi embi, njengemimandla ekude, iindawo zeentaba, kunye neziqithi. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo esineenkcukacha sezixhobo eziphambili nezincedisayo ezifunekayo ekwakheni iindawo zonxibelelwano ze-photovoltaic, kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, zibonelela ngesikhokelo esisebenzayo kwiingcali zoshishino.

I. Izixhobo Zokuvelisa Umbane Eziphambili

1. Iimodyuli ze-Photovoltaic (iiphaneli zelanga)

Iimodyuli ze-Photovoltaic "ziintliziyo" zenkqubo yonke, ezinoxanduva lokuguqula amandla elanga abe yi-direct current (DC). Iindawo zonxibelelwano zihlala zisebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline okanye ze-polycrystalline, kunye nokulinganiswa kwamandla ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-200W ukuya kwi-400W. Inani kunye nomthamo weemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kufuneka zicwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kumbane osetyenziswa zizixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye neemeko zelanga zasekuhlaleni. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iimveliso ezinophawu olusebenzayo oluphezulu lokuguqulwa kunye nokumelana nemozulu enamandla, kwaye ugcine umda womthamo we-15%–20%.

2. Ii-Inverters ze-Photovoltaic

Ii-inverters ziguqula amandla e-DC aveliswa ziimodyuli ze-photovoltaic abe ngamandla e-AC ukuze asetyenziswe zizixhobo zonxibelelwano. Kwiindawo zonxibelelwano, ii-inverters ze-sine wave ezicocekileyo ziyacetyiswa, njengoko zivelisa i-waveform ecocekileyo ekhusela izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezibuthathaka. Ngokuphathelele ukhetho lwamandla, amandla alinganisiweyo e-inverter kufuneka abe ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kayi-1.5 ukuya kwezi-2 kunokusetyenziswa kwamandla apheleleyo kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nangona kukho imithwalo ephezulu.

3. Ibhanki yebhetri

Ibhanki yebhetri isebenza "njengendawo yokugcina amandla" kwiindawo zonxibelelwano ze-photovoltaic, inika umbane kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano ebusuku okanye ngexesha lemozulu enamafu okanye enemvula. Iintlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ziibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-gel, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zibiza kancinci kodwa zihlala ixesha elifutshane; iibhetri ze-gel azilungiswa kakhulu kwaye zifanelekile kwiindawo ezingenabantu; nangona iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibiza kakhulu, zibonelela ngobomi bomjikelo omde kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu, nto leyo eyenza zibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiindawo eziphezulu. Umthamo webhetri kufuneka ubalwe ngokusekelwe kwinani eliphezulu leentsuku zemvula ezilandelelanayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqhelekileyo kwemihla ngemihla kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano.

II. Izixhobo zoSasazo noLawulo loMbane

1. Umlawuli we-PV

Isilawuli se-PV sisebenza “njengobuchopho” benkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic. Silawula inkqubo yokutshaja ukusuka kwiimodyuli ze-PV ukuya kwiibhetri, sithintela ukutshaja kakhulu kunye nokukhupha umbane kakhulu, kwaye sandisa ubomi bebhetri. Kwiisayithi zonxibelelwano, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe isilawuli se-MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), esinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa umbane nge-15%–30% xa kuthelekiswa nabalawuli be-PWM. Umbane olinganisiweyo wesilawuli kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-1.25 yamaxesha ombane omfutshane weemodyuli ze-PV.

2. Ikhabhinethi yoSasazo loMbane

Ikhabhathi yokusasazwa kwamandla isetyenziselwa ulawulo oluphakathi kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla ombane, kwaye ibandakanya izinto zokukhusela ezifana nee-circuit breakers, ii-fuses, kunye nezikhuseli ze-surge. Ikhabhathi yokusasazwa kwamandla kwindawo yonxibelelwano kufuneka ibe nemisebenzi emininzi yokukhusela, kubandakanya ukhuseleko lombane, ukhuseleko lokugqithisa, kunye nokhuseleko lwe-short-circuit, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lonikezelo lombane. Ikhabhathi kufuneka ibe nomlinganiselo wokhuseleko we-IP65 ukuze imelane neemeko zangaphandle ezinzima.

3. Inkqubo yokubeka iliso

Inkqubo yokubeka esweni kude isebenza "njengamehlo" endawo yonxibelelwano lwe-PV, ekwaziyo ukujonga ngexesha langempela iiparameter eziphambili ezifana nokuveliswa kwamandla kwimodyuli ye-PV, inqanaba lokutshaja kwebhetri, imeko ye-inverter, kunye nobushushu be-ambient. Idatha idluliselwa kwiziko lokubeka esweni ngeenethiwekhi ze-4G/5G okanye unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, okuvumela ukusebenza ngaphandle kokujonga kunye nezilumkiso zempazamo. Inkqubo yokubeka esweni kufuneka ibandakanye imisebenzi efana nokugcinwa kwedatha yembali, izaziso ze-alamu, kunye nolawulo olukude.

III. Izixhobo zoLwakhiwo kunye noFakelo

1. Iinkqubo zokuFakela i-PV

Iinkqubo zokufakela i-PV zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela nokuxhasa iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic; uhlobo olufanelekileyo kufuneka lukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ze-topographic zendawo yokufakela. Kwiifektri ezifakwe emhlabeni, iziseko zekhonkrithi okanye ii-screw piles zingasetyenziswa; ukufakelwa kophahla kufuna ukuqwalaselwa komthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuthintela amanzi; ukufakelwa kwe-slope kufuna iinkqubo zokufakela ezilungelelanisiweyo. Izinto zokufakela kufuneka zibe yintsimbi eshushu okanye i-aluminium alloy, enika ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala.

2. Iikhabhathi kunye neeRaki

Izixhobo zonxibelelwano mazifakwe kwiikhabhathi ezinemilinganiselo ephezulu yokhuseleko. Iikhabhathi zihlala zinemilinganiselo yokhuseleko ye-IP55 okanye ye-IP65, zibonelela ngezakhono zokumelana nothuli, ukungangeni manzi, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ingaphakathi lekhabhathi lifuna uyilo olufanelekileyo olunendawo eyaneleyo yokuphelisa ubushushu kwaye kufuneka lixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula ubushushu (iifeni okanye umoya opholileyo) ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza kubushushu obufanelekileyo.

3. Iintambo kunye neziqhagamshelo

Iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ze-PV ezikhethekileyo ezinokumelana ne-UV, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi. Iintambo zombane zezixhobo zonxibelelwano kufuneka zikhuselwe ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Zonke izihlanganisi mazingabi namanzi kwaye zingabi nathuli; iimveliso zomgangatho wezoshishino ezifana nezihlanganisi ze-MC4 ziyacetyiswa.

IV. Izixhobo zoKhuseleko kunye nezoNcedo

1. Inkqubo yoKhuselo loMbane

Ekubeni iindawo zonxibelelwano ze-PV zihlala zikwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ukhuseleko lombane lubaluleke kakhulu. Kufuneka kufakwe izintonga zombane kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ukugqobhoza (ii-SPD), kwaye kumiselwe inkqubo efanelekileyo yokumisa umhlaba. Ukumelana nokumisa umhlaba kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwe-10 Ω ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kombane okukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokubetha kombane.

2. Izixhobo zoKhuseleko loMlilo

Ingaphakathi lekhabhinethi kufuneka lixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokucima umlilo ngokuzenzekelayo (ezifana neenkqubo zegesi ze-heptafluoropropane), kwaye izixhobo zokucima umlilo ezifana nezicimi-mlilo zomgubo owomileyo mazibekwe kwindawo yazo. Inkqubo yokubeka iliso kufuneka idibanise imisebenzi yesilumkiso somsi kunye nobushushu.

3. Izixhobo zokuJonga iNdalo

Faka izixhobo zokujonga okusingqongileyo ezifana nezinzwa zobushushu kunye nokufuma, kunye nezinzwa zesantya somoya kunye nesikhokelo, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha yokusingqongileyo yokusebenza kwenkqubo. Phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu, inkqubo ingazilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo icebo layo lokusebenza ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwezixhobo.

V. Amanqaku aPhambili kunye neeNgcebiso zoBume

1. Umgaqo wokuHlanganisa amandla

Umthamo weemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, umthamo webhetri, kunye namandla e-inverter kufuneka uhambelane ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, uqwalaselo lulandela umlinganiselo “wamandla emodyuli ye-photovoltaic: umthamo webhetri: amandla e-inverter = 1:1.2:1.5,” nangona kufuneka kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso oluthile ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokukhanya kwelanga kwendawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano.

2. Uyilo lokuSebenzisa kwakhona

Xa kujongwa izinto ezinje ngokuguga kwezixhobo kunye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kakuhle, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe ubuninzi bomthamo obuyi-20%–30% ngexesha loyilo lwenkqubo. Kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezilawuli kunye nee-inverters, kucetyiswa ulungiselelo lobuninzi be-N+1.

3. ULondolozo oluLula

Uyilo lwezixhobo kufuneka lube lula ukugcinwa nokulungiswa, kubekho indawo eyaneleyo yokusebenza egciniweyo. Iibhetri kufuneka zifakwe kwiindawo ezinomoya ococekileyo ukuze kube lula ukuzitshintsha. Inkqubo yokubeka esweni kufuneka inike ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemeko yezixhobo ukuze kube lula ukufumanisa iimpazamo.

4. Uhlalutyo lweendleko-Nzuzo

Xa kukhethwa izixhobo, izinto ezinje ngotyalo-mali lokuqala, iindleko ze-O&M, kunye nobomi benkonzo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona izixhobo eziphezulu ziquka utyalo-mali lokuqala oluphezulu, zinokunciphisa iindleko zizonke zobunini (TCO) kwixesha elide.

Ukwakhiwa kweendawo zonxibelelwano lwe-photovoltaic yiprojekthi yobunjineli ecwangcisiweyo efuna ukukhetha ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zesicelo. Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uphando oluneenkcukacha lwendawo kunye nohlalutyo lomthwalo ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi ukuze kuphuhliswe isicwangciso sokwakha esifanelekileyo ngokwesayensi. Ukongeza, kufuneka kusekwe inkqubo yolawulo lwe-O&M epheleleyo, kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kweendawo zonxibelelwano. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic kunye nokwehla okuqhubekayo kweendleko, iindawo zonxibelelwano ze-photovoltaic ziya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezininzi, zibonelela ngokugubungela unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo kwiindawo ezikude.