Ulubala njani ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yakho encinci ye-off-grid?

Ngaba ukhe wacinga malunga nokusebenzisa eyakho inkqubo yamandla elanga kwikhabhathi yeentaba, isikhephe sokuloba, okanye iRV ukuze uhlukane nokuxhomekeka kwigridi yoluntu?

Ngapha koko, le ayisiyonto kuphela enokwenziwa ziinjineli. Ngethuba nje ulawula amanyathelo ambalwa angundoqo kunye neefomyula, unako ukubala ukucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yakho encinci ye-photovoltaic yegridi.

Inkqubo yelanga ye-off-grid ibhekisela kwinkqubo ezimeleyo engathembeli kwigridi yoluntu, endaweni yoko ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-photovoltaic power generation kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane. Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikude zeentaba, iziqithi, imimandla yasemaphandleni, ii-RV, izikhephe zokuloba, kunye nezinye iindawo ezinamandla ombane ongazinzanga.

Ngezantsi, siya kukukhokela kumanyathelo amane ukubala uqwalaselo olufunekayo.

Inyathelo 1: Misela amandla emodyuli ye-photovoltaic

Amandla eepaneli ze-photovoltaic (iipaneli zelanga) zinquma ukuba ungakanani umbane wakho onokuwenza.

Indlela yokubala engundoqo kukuba: kuqala unqume imfuno yombane wemihla ngemihla, uze udibanise kunye neemeko zemozulu zendawo (ingakumbi ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga) ukugqiba amandla apheleleyo eepaneli ze-photovoltaic.

Formula:

Amandla emodyuli = (Imfuno yombane yemihla ngemihla × Umba oqhubekayo we-surplus yosuku olunamafu) ÷ (Umlinganiselo weeyure zokukhanya kwelanga zasekuhlaleni × Ukusebenza kwenkqubo)

* Usetyenziso lombane lwemihla ngemihla: Oku kunokubalwa ngokushwankathela amandla alinganisiweyo azo zonke izixhobo aphindaphindwe ngexesha lazo lokusetyenziswa.

Ngokomzekelo, izibane ze-LED 10W × iiyure ze-5 = 50Wh, ifriji 60W × iiyure ezingama-24 = 1440Wh.

* Umba wentshiyekela yosuku oluguquguqukayo oluqhubekayo: Ukunika ingxelo yokungonelanga kokuveliswa kwamandla ngexesha leentsuku zamafu ezilandelelanayo, lo mba uqhele ukusetwa phakathi kwe-1.1 kunye ne-1.3.

* I-avareji yeeyure zokukhanya kwelanga kwimihla ngemihla: Oku kunokufunyanwa kwidatha yendawo yemozulu. Ngokomzekelo, iBeijing inomlinganiselo weeyure ezi-4 zokukhanya kwelanga ngosuku, ngoxa iHainan inokuba neeyure ezingaphezu kwezi-5.

* Ukusebenza kwenkqubo: Oku kubala ukulahleka kwentambo, ukusebenza kakuhle komlawuli, ilahleko ye-inverter, njl., kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe phakathi kwe-0.75 kunye ne-0.8.

Umzekelo:

Ukucinga ukuba usetyenziso lwakho lombane lwemihla ngemihla luyi-3,000 Wh, umyinge weeyure zokukhanya kwelanga kwimihla ngemihla ziiyure ezi-4.5, ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yi-0.78, kunye ne-coefficient yeentsuku zemvula eziqhubekayo yi-1.2:

Amandla emodyuli = (3,000 × 1.2) ÷ (4.5 × 0.78) ≈ 1,026 W

Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ufake iipaneli ze-photovoltaic ngamandla apheleleyo malunga ne-1 kW, njengeemodyuli ezine ze-250 W.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Khangela umbane oguquliweyo ongekho kwigridi

I-inverter iguqula i-current ngqo (DC) kwiipaneli ze-photovoltaic okanye iibhetri zibe yi-alternating current (AC) ukuze zisetyenziswe zixhobo eziqhelekileyo zendlu.

Amandla ayo kufuneka anele ukukhawulelana nemfuno yakho yamandla ekhawulezileyo, ngakumbi kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-inrush current yemithwalo ye-inductive (izixhobo eziqhutywa yimoto).

Formula:

Amandla okuguqula = (Itotali yamandla omthwalo oxhathisayo + Amandla omthwalo ongeniswayo ewonke × 5) × Umba weMargin ÷ Umba wamandla

* Imithwalo ekwaziyo ukumelana: Izixhobo ezixhathisayo ezifana neebhalbhu zombane, iiketile zombane, kunye nee-oveni.

* Imithwalo ye-inductive: Izixhobo ezineenjini okanye i-compressors, ezifana neefriji, iimpompo zamanzi, i-air conditioners, njl.

* Into yokhuseleko: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe kwi-1.2-1.5 ukuqinisekisa umda.

* Into yamandla: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe kwi-0.8-0.9.

Umzekelo:

Kucingelwa ukuba unokukhanya okungama-200W (umthwalo oxhathisayo), ifriji eyi-100W (umthwalo ongenisayo), umlinganiselo we-1.3, kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla we-0.85:

Inverter amandla = (200 + 100 × 5) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ (200 + 500) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 700 × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 1070 W

Uya kufuna inverter kunye nomthamo omncinci we-1.1 kW, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe imodeli ye-1.5 kW ukuzinza okukhulu.

Inyathelo 3: Khangela umthamo webhetri

Ibhetri "indawo yokugcina amandla" yenkqubo ye-off-grid, kwaye umbane osetyenziswa ebusuku okanye ngeentsuku ezinamafu ngokuyinhloko uvela kuyo. Umthamo uxhomekeke kwinani leentsuku ofuna unikezelo lwamandla oluqhubekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane wemihla ngemihla.

Formula:

Umthamo webhetri (Ah) = (Ukusetyenziswa kombane yonke imihla × Inani leentsuku zobonelelo lombane kwiintsuku ezisibekeleyo) ÷ (Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa × Ukutshaja/ukukhupha ukusebenza kakuhle × Umbane wepakethi yebhetri)

* Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa (DOD): Kwiibhetri ze-lead-acid, i-DOD ye-0.5-0.6 iyacetyiswa; kwiibhetri ze-lithium, i-DOD ye-0.8-0.9 iyamkeleka.

* Ukuhlawula / ukukhutshwa ngokuSebenzayo: Ngokuqhelekileyo kubekwe kwi-0.85-0.9.

* I-Voltage yeBattery Bank: Amandla ombane aqhelekileyo aquka i-12V, i-24V, kunye ne-48V; amandla ombane aphezulu ayacetyiswa kwiimfuno eziphezulu zamandla.

Umzekelo:

Ucinga ukuba usebenzisa i-3000Wh yonke imihla kwaye ufuna ukuba namandla kangangeentsuku ezi-2 zemozulu enamafu, usebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium eyi-48V (DOD=0.9, ukusebenza kakuhle=0.9):

Umthamo webhetri = (3000 × 2) ÷ (0.9 × 0.9 × 48)

≈ 6000 ÷ 38.88

≈ 154 Ah

Uya kudinga i-48V 154Ah (malunga ne-7.4kWh) ipakethi yebhetri.

Inyathelo 4: Misela iinkcukacha zomlawuli

Umlawuli we-photovoltaic ulawula inkqubo yokuhlawula ukusuka kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ukuya kwibhetri.

Ukucaciswa kwayo kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kubuninzi begalelo langoku, elibalwe kusetyenziswa le fomyula ilandelayo:

Formula:

Igalelo lomlawuli okwangoku = Amandla aphezulu eemodyuli ze-photovoltaic ÷ I-voltage yokupakisha ibhetri

Umzekelo, ukuba iiphaneli zakho ze-photovoltaic zinamandla ewonke e-1000W kunye ne-voltage pack yebhetri yi-48V:

Igalelo lomlawuli okwangoku = 1000 ÷ 48 ≈ 20.8A

Ke ngoko, kufuneka ukhethe isilawuli ngegalelo langoku elikhulu kune-21A, ngokuqhelekileyo uhlobo lweMPPT (ukusebenza okuphezulu, kunenzuzo ngakumbi kwiintsuku ezinamafu).

Iingcebiso eziSebenzayo

1. Vumela umda: Ubomi kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwesixhobo kuxhomekeke kuyilo olufanelekileyo lokungafuneki; musa ukulungisa iiparamitha ngokungqongqo kakhulu.
2. I-MPPT iphezulu kune-PWM: Nangona abalawuli beMPPT bebiza kancinci, banikezela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kokuveliswa kwamandla, ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya ezingazinzanga.
3. Beka phambili iibhetri ze-lithium-ion: Zixinene, zikhaphukhaphu, kwaye ziyakwazi ukukhupha nzulu, zibonelela ngogcino lweendleko zexesha elide.
4. Cwangcisa ukwandiswa kwexesha elizayo: Ukuba ulindele ukongeza izixhobo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo, qinisekisa umthamo owaneleyo we-interface yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic kunye neebhetri.

Ingundoqo yokuyila inkqubo encinci ye-photovoltaic yegridi ixhomekeke ekubaleni ngokuchanekileyo ukucwangciswa okusekelwe kwiimfuno zangempela, kunokuba "uthenge iipaneli ezimbalwa kunye neebhetri" kwaye uyibize ngosuku.

Lawula ezi fomula zi-4:

1. Ifomyula yamandla emodyuli ye-Photovoltaic
2. Inverter ifomula yamandla
3. Ifomula yomthamo webhetri
4. igalelo lomlawuli ifomula yangoku

Ungabala ke uqwalaselo lwenkqubo encinci yegrid eyoneleyo kwaye izinzile.

Xa uyila okokuqala, unokongeza i-10% -20% ye-margin eyongezelelweyo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zefomula, ukuvumela ukuguquguquka okungaphezulu ekuphatheni utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokwandiswa kwezixhobo.