Ngaba amandla obushushu aya kutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo?

Mna. Izifundo ekucinyweni kombane

Ngaba wakha wanengxaki yokucima kombane? Ngequbuliso, yonke into iba mnyama, ii-elevator ziyayeka, iiselfowuni ziphelelwa ngamandla, nee-air conditioner zivaliwe. Loo mvakalelo yokungabi nakuzinceda yenza ubani aqonde ukuba umbane “ngumoya” webutho lanamhlanje.

Ngapha koko, ukuqhawuka kombane okukhulu kwenzeke kwihlabathi liphela:

Ukucima koMntla Merika ngo-2003 kushiye amashumi ezigidi zabasebenzisi ebumnyameni ngobusuku obunye.

Ngexesha lokubanda kwe-2021 yaseTexas, amandla omoya kunye nezityalo zegesi yendalo zivaliwe ngobuninzi, kwaye ngaphandle kogcino lwamandla njenge-backup, izigidi zabantu zithwaxwa yingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo kunye nokucima kombane.

Ukunciphisa umbane kweminye imimandla yaseTshayina: ukunqongophala kwamalahle kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla avuselelekayo kuye kwacinezela igridi, ukunyanzelisa izithintelo zamandla.

Le mizekelo isibonisa ukuba ukuthembela kuphela kumandla ashushu kuyingozi, kwaye ukuthembela kuphela kumandla ahlaziyekayo nako kuyingozi. Inkqubo yamandla idinga "iqhinga lokudibanisa" elizinzile.

Ⅱ. Izakhiwo zamandla kumazwe ahlukeneyo

Imithombo yamandla iyahluka kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele:

I-China: Amandla omlilo wamalahle ahlala engumthombo oyintloko, kodwa kwiminyaka yamuva nje, amandla afakiweyo e-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya aye anyuka, kwaye imodeli "yamandla ahlaziyekayo + nokugcinwa kwamandla" ngokuthe ngcembe iba ngumkhwa.

EUnited States: Indlela elungeleleneyo phakathi kwerhasi yendalo kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo, ngelixa ikhokela ihlabathi kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ebhetri, kunye neCalifornia kunye neminye imimandla eyakha amaziko amakhulu okugcina amandla emhlabeni.

IYurophu: IJamani kunye neSpain ngoovulindlela kumandla omoya kunye nelanga, ngelixa iFransi ithembele kumandla enyukliya kuzinzo lwegridi. IYurophu iphela izibophelele ekutshintsheni amandla, kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo yokugcina ngokukhawuleza.

I-Japan kunye ne-South Korea: Ixhomekeke kakhulu kumandla avela kumazwe angaphandle, la mazwe kufuneka alinganise ukhuseleko lokubonelela ngelixa ephuhlisa ngokusebenzayo indibaniselwano yelanga, i-hydrogen, kunye nokugcina iteknoloji.

Ngokubanzi, yonke imimandla ibheka kwimodeli "yamandla ahlaziyekayo + + yokugcina", nangona ngesantya esahlukileyo.

Ⅲ. Ithini imeko yangoku?

Uphuhliso lwamandla amatsha luyakhula, kodwa lukwajongene nemingeni.

"I-capriciousness" ye-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya: amandla e-photovoltaic anokuveliswa kuphela emini xa ilanga liphuma, kwaye liyeka ebusuku; amandla omoya axhomekeke kwimozulu, yaye uyayeka “ngamaxesha angenamoya.” Oku kuguquguquka kubeka uxinzelelo ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwegridi yamandla.

Ukuvela kweebhetri zokugcina amandla: Iibhetri ze-Lithium-ion kunye neebhetri zokuhamba zisebenza "njengeebhanki zamandla" ezinkulu, zigcina umbane ogqithiseleyo ngexesha le-surplus kwaye liwukhuphe ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu yokunceda ukulinganisela igridi.

Abaqhubi bemigaqo-nkqubo: I-China ichaze ngokucacileyo ukuba iiprojekthi ezintsha ze-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya kufuneka zihambisane neendawo zokugcina amandla. I-US kunye neYurophu, okwangoku, zisebenzisa izibonelelo zemali kunye neendlela zentengiso ukukhuthaza iinkampani ukuba zakhe iziseko zokugcina amandla.

Imingeni ihleli: Iibhetri zokugcina amandla zineendleko, zinexesha elilinganiselweyo lokuphila, kunye nokuphela kobomi babo bokurisayikilisha nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kuhlala yimiba engasonjululwanga.

Ngamanye amazwi, ugcino lwamandla ngokuthe ngcembe lunwenwa ngokubanzi, kodwa kuyakuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba luthathe indawo yemithombo yamandla emveli.

Ⅳ. Kutheni le nto ukubuyisela umbane wamalahle?

Ukukhuselwa kwendalo: Amandla atshiswa ngamalahle anegalelo elikhulu ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni, ukungcoliseka komoya, kunye nefuthe le-greenhouse.

Ukhuseleko lwamandla: Ukuguquguquka kumaxabiso amalahle nawegesi yendalo kuwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso nonikezelo lombane.

Ukuphumelela kwezoqoqosho: I-Photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya aya efikeleleka ngokunyukayo, kwaye angabizi kakhulu kunamandla omlilo wamalahle.

Iinjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kweKhabhoni: Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, amandla omlilo wamalahle kufuneka apheliswe kwaye ekugqibeleni apheliswe.

Ⅴ. Ngaba inokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo umbane obaswa ngamalahle?

Impendulo yile: Ekugqibeleni, kodwa hayi kungekudala.

Kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo, amandla ombane wamalahle aya kuhlala "engumqolo" wegridi.

Ngo-2030-2040: Njengoko ugcino lwamandla lubiza ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye amandla e-hydrogen athembeke ngakumbi, amandla okubaswa ngamalahle aya kuthi chu ukuya “kwibhentshi.”

Malunga nowama-2050: Amandla ahlaziyekayo adityaniswe nokugcinwa kwamandla kulindeleke ukuba akhokele, ngamandla amalahle apheliswe kakhulu.

Ngamanye amazwi, inkqubo yamandla yexesha elizayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe: amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nogcino lwamandla njengeyona mithombo ingundoqo, amandla okubaswa ngamalahle athabathe isihlalo esingasemva, ngamandla enyukliya, amandla ombane, kunye ne-hydrogen enenkxaso eyongezelelweyo.

Iibhetri zogcino lwamandla ziya kuyanda zidityaniswe ngamandla elanga kunye nomoya, njengoko ii-smartphones zingenakusebenza ngaphandle kweebhetri. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze amandla avuselelekayo atshintshe ngokupheleleyo amandla okubaselwa ngamalahle, impumelelo yobuchwepheshe, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokuphuculwa kwegridi kusafuneka. Ikamva lisenokungaboni amandla ombane aphele ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe abuyela ngasemva de kube ngenye imini uqonde ukuba icandelo lamandla sele lilawulwa ngamandla acocekileyo.