Uthini umahluko phakathi kwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic ephakathi kunye neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezisasazwayo?

Ngokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwamandla acocekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic (PV) iphambili. Okwangoku, kukho iimodeli ezimbini eziphambili zokuthunyelwa: iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic eziphambili kunye neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezisasazwayo (PV). Eli nqaku liza kuthelekisa kwaye lihlalutye umahluko kunye neenzuzo zezi nkqubo zimbini ngokusekelwe kwidatha yakutshanje kunye neendlela zehlabathi.

1. Inkcazo kunye nesikali

Iinkqubo ze-PV ze-centralized zifakelo ezinkulu ezibekwe kwiindawo ezikude njengeentlango okanye i-wastelands, apho izibonelelo zelanga zininzi kwaye iindleko zomhlaba ziphantsi, kunye nokufakwa kwamandla ukusuka kumashumi ukuya kumakhulu eemegawathi.

Iisistim ezisasaziweyo ze-PV ziphakathi ukuya kofakelo olukwizinga eliphantsi oluhlala kufutshane namaziko omthwalo, afana nophahla, iifektri, okanye iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, ezinomthamo ofakelweyo osuka kwiikilowatts ukuya kwiimegawathi.

2. UQhagamshelwano lweGridi kunye noMgama woThutho  

Iinkqubo ze-PV ezisasazwayo zidityaniswe nge-low-voltage okanye i-medium-voltage network distribution distribution, eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla wendawo kunye neelahleko eziphantsi zothumelo.

Iinkqubo zePV ezikwindawo ephakathi ziqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano lwe-voltage ephezulu, ukuhambisa amandla kumgama omde kunye nelahleko ephezulu yothumelo.

3. Utyalo-mali, uLwakhiwo, kunye noLondolozo  

Iinkqubo ze-PV ezisasazwayo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana notyalo-mali oluphantsi lokuqala, ixesha elifutshane lokuhlawula, ukuhanjiswa okuguquguqukayo, kunye nokugcinwa okulula, kwaye kunokulawulwa ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela okanye ababoneleli ngenkonzo.

Iinkqubo zePV ezikwindawo ephakathi zifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezintsonkothileyo (izitishi, amagumbi e-inverter, i-switchgear, njl.), kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zolawulo lobugcisa.

4. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye neNkxaso yeGridi

I-PV esasazwayo ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwenkunkuma kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

I-PV ekwindawo esembindini iphakamisa uqoqosho lwesikali kunye namandla olawulo aphezulu ukuxhasa ngokufanelekileyo ukulawulwa kwamandla asebenzayo kunye nolawulo lwamaza egridi.

5. Imingeni yobuGcisa kunye neMpembelelo yeGridi

I-PV esasazwayo ijongene nemingeni efana nokubuyela umva kwamandla, ukuguquguquka okukhawulezileyo kwemveliso, kunye nemicimbi yozinzo, efuna iinkqubo zolawulo lwegridi ezongeziweyo.

I-PV esembindini ijongene neendleko eziphezulu zothumelo, ilahleko yothumelo lomgama omde, kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zoqhagamshelo lwegridi, kubandakanywa isakhono sokukhwela i-voltage ephantsi (LVRT).

6. IiNdlela zokusasazwa kweHlabathi  

Ukusukela ngo-2023, i-PV esasaziweyo yase-Australia efakelweyo (malunga ne-23,169 megawatts) idlula kakhulu i-PV esembindini (malunga ne-11,016 yeemegawathi), iqaqambisa ukongamela okukhulayo kokuveliswa kokusasazwa.

E-Brazil, ukuya ekupheleni kuka-2022, umthamo ofakiweyo we-solar PV wawumalunga ne-27 gigawatts, kunye ne-PV esasazwayo malunga ne-18.8 gigawatts kunye ne-PV accounting ephakathi malunga ne-8.2 gigawatts.

Isishwankathelo, iinkqubo ze-PV eziphakathi kunye neenkqubo ze-PV ezisasazwayo nganye ineenzuzo kunye nemida yazo. Imodeli esembindini igqwesa kulawulo olukhulu oluphakathi kunye nenkxaso yegridi, ngelixa iinkqubo ezisasazwayo zibonelela ngokuguquguquka, ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo, kunye nokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza. Iindima ezihambelanayo zazo zombini ziya kuqhuba ngokudibeneyo inguqu yehlabathi ukuya kwikamva eliqinileyo, elicocekileyo lamandla.