Phonononga izisombululo zelanga zokufakelwa kombane emaphandleni kumazwe asakhasayo

Kutheni amazwe asakhasayo efuna amandla elanga?
Ubonelelo ngombane yenye yeemfuno ezisisiseko zophuhliso lwangoku, kodwa unikezelo lombane oluthembekileyo lusanqongophala kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, ingakumbi emaphandleni. Ingxaki inzima kakhulu kwezi ndawo, apho ukuxinana kwabantu kusezantsi kwaye iziseko ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukwandisa umbane wesizwe zineendleko ezinkulu kwaye azinakwenzeka. Kule mimandla, amandla elanga anika isisombululo sokuguqula.

Amandla elanga sisixhobo esicocekileyo, esinokuhlaziywa kunye nesininzi, kwaye amazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo, ngakumbi lawo ahlala kwimimandla yetropiki, anokufikelela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuninzi unyaka wonke, okwenza amandla elanga abe yinto esebenzayo kwaye ezinzileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nokuveliswa kwamandla efosili yesiqhelo, iinkqubo zelanga zinokusasazwa kwiindawo ezikude ngaphandle kweziseko ezingundoqo ezixabisa kakhulu okanye iintambo zothumelo lomgama omde. Umbane welanga usasazwa ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba umzi ngamnye okanye uluntu lunokuvelisa kwaye lusebenzise umbane walo, ukuphelisa iindleko eziphezulu zokwandisa igridi.

Kumazwe asaphuhlayo, amandla elanga anokubonelela ngexabiso elifikelelekayo kunye nolungele ukusingqongileyo omnye umthombo wamandla. Ngemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yotyalo-mali, iinkqubo zelanga zingakhuthaza ukufakelwa kombane emaphandleni, ukuvuselela uqoqosho lwengingqi, kunye nokunceda ukujongana nemiba ebanzi efana nokufikelela kwamandla, intlupheko kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Iimpawu zeeprojekthi zamandla elanga kumazwe asakhasayo
Iiprojekthi zelanga kumazwe asaphuhlayo zihlala zinenani leempawu ezizodwa ezizenza zilungele ukufakelwa kombane emaphandleni:

Izisombululo zamandla ezinatyisiweyo: Olona phawu luphambili lwamandla elanga kumazwe asakhasayo kukunatyiswa kwawo. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ezinkulu zamandla aphakathi nendawo ezifuna isiseko sothumelo esintsonkothileyo, iisistim zelanga zinokufakelwa kwisikali esincinci, kufutshane nendawo yokusetyenziswa kombane. Oku kwenza amandla elanga afaneleke ngokukodwa kwimimandla yasemaphandleni apho kungenakwenzeka ukuba kwandiswe umbane wesizwe ngokwezoqoqosho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amandla elanga asetyenziswa ngendlela yeenkqubo zesolar zasekhaya (SHS) okanye iimicrogrid zoluntu ezincinci ukubonelela umbane kwiilali okanye uluntu luphela.

Iinkqubo ezingekho kwigridi kunye ne-microgrid: Kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude, amakhaya asemaphandleni kumazwe asakhasayo akaqhagamshelwanga kuthungelwano lwesizwe. Iiprojekthi zelanga zihlala zijolise ekuboneleleni izisombululo ze-off-grid okanye i-microgrid, ezizimeleyo, iinkqubo zamandla zasekhaya. Iinkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegrid zihlala zineepaneli zelanga ezincinci, iibhetri, kunye nee-inverters ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ikhaya ngeemfuno zamandla ezisisiseko ezinje ngokukhanyisa, ukutshaja iiselfowuni, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esincinci. I-Microgrids, ngakolunye uhlangothi, idibanisa amakhaya amaninzi okanye amaziko oluntu ukubonelela ngenkxaso yamandla amakhulu kwiinkonzo zoluntu ezifana nezikolo kunye neekliniki zonyango.

Ukubandakanyeka koluntu: Iiprojekthi zesola kumazwe asaphuhlayo zihlala zigxininisa intatho-nxaxheba yoluntu kunye nokuxhotyiswa. Xa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lubandakanyeka kuyilo, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zelanga, izinga lempumelelo kunye nokuzinza kweeprojekthi ziphuculwe kakhulu. Ngokubandakanya abahlali basekuhlaleni, iiprojekthi zelanga azidali nje kuphela uphuhliso lwezakhono kunye namathuba engqesho, kodwa zikhuthaza nemvakalelo yobunini noxanduva lwenkqubo.

Gxininisa ekufikeleleni kunye nokulinganisa: Iiprojekthi zelanga kumazwe asakhasayo zidla ngokuyilwa ukuba zibe noqoqosho kunye nokwanda. Iinkqubo ezininzi zelanga zinoyilo lwemodyuli, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zinokwandiswa okanye ziphuculwe njengoko zifuneka. Oku kunika inkqubo yelanga ukuguquguquka ukulungelelanisa utshintsho kwimfuno yamandla kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Oorhulumente, ii-ngos, kunye necandelo labucala bahlala besebenza kunye ukuze banike inkxaso yemali kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi, njengemali-mboleko encinci, i-subsidies, okanye i-pay-as-you-go (PAYG) eyenza amakhaya athenge izixhobo zelanga ngezavenge ezincinci.

Iinzuzo zoqoqosho lweenkqubo zamandla elanga kumazwe asakhasayo
Amandla elanga azisa iinzuzo ezininzi kwezoqoqosho kumazwe asakhasayo, ingakumbi emaphandleni. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa ezingundoqo amandla elanga anokunyusa ukukhula koqoqosho:

Amaxabiso aphantsi amandla: Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zezoqoqosho zamandla elanga kukukwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zamandla. Kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, abantu basemaphandleni baxhomekeke kwimithombo yamandla ebiza imali eninzi nengcolisayo njengeparafini ukuze kukhanyiselwe iijenereyitha zedizili. Amandla elanga axabisa ngaphantsi kwixesha elide kwaye phantse akukho zindleko zokusebenza. Ngokutshintsha izibane ze-kerosene kunye nezibane zelanga, amakhaya anokonga imali kwiindleko zamandla kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zempilo ezivela kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi.

Ukudalwa kwemisebenzi kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono: Iiprojekthi zelanga zinokudala inani elikhulu lemisebenzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukufakwa, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zelanga kufuna abasebenzi abaninzi abanezakhono, ababonelela ngamathuba engqesho kubahlali basekuhlaleni. Ukongeza, amashishini amaninzi asekuhlaleni anokuvula amashishini anxulumene nelanga, njengokuthengisa iimveliso zelanga, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokufakela, okanye ukulawula iiprojekthi zelanga zasekuhlaleni. Ngale misebenzi mitsha, uqoqosho lwasekhaya luyakhuthazeka ngakumbi.

Ukuphucula ukufikelela kwimfundo nempilo: Ubonelelo lombane oluthembekileyo luyimfuneko kwimfundo neenkonzo zempilo. Ummandla welanga unokwandisa ixesha lokuvulwa kwezikolo kwaye unike abafundi iimeko zokufunda ezingcono, ngakumbi ebusuku xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga. Kwiiklinikhi zonyango ezikude, ukukhanya kwelanga, iifriji kunye nezixhobo zonyango ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo zonyango ezisisiseko zinokubonelelwa nangona umbane uphelile okanye ebusuku. Ngokuphuculwa kwemfundo kunye neemeko zonyango, imveliso yoluntu iyenyuka, nto leyo eqhuba uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho lwelizwe.

Ukonyuka kwemveliso kunye namathuba oshishino: Ezilalini, ukunqongophala kombane othembekileyo kuye kwanciphisa imisebenzi emininzi yoshishino nezolimo. Iinkqubo zelanga zinokunika la mashishini amandla azinzileyo, okubavumela ukuba basebenze ixesha elide kwaye basebenzise izixhobo zanamhlanje. Oku kuya kwandisa kakhulu imveliso, kwandise imivuzo kwaye kudaleke amathuba amatsha koosomashishini abakumacandelo afana nezolimo, ezemveliso kunye neenkonzo.

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi zelanga kumazwe asakhasayo
IProjekthi yeNkqubo yeSolar yaseKenya (SHS): I-Kenya yenze impumelelo ephawulekayo ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla elanga, ngokukodwa ekuphunyezweni kweenkqubo zasekhaya zelanga (SHS) **. Le projekthi ibonelela ngezisombululo zelanga ezifikelelekayo kumakhaya angekho kwigrid kwiindawo ezikude, ebenza bakwazi ukukhanyisa, ukutshaja iiselfowuni kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zombane. Sithetha nje, zingaphezu kwesigidi esi-1.5 amakhaya eKenya athe axhamla kule projekthi, eye yanciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweparafini yaphucula nomgangatho wobomi beentsapho. Le projekthi ikwadale imisebenzi eliqela kushishino lwelanga, kuquka ukufakwa kwenkqubo, ukugcinwa nokuthengiswa.

ISkimu seSaubhagya saseIndiya: I-India's ** Pudamantri Sa Hajibbiji Hagyoga (i-Saubhagya Scheme) ** ijolise ekuboneleleni ngombane kuzo zonke izindlu, ngakumbi amakhaya asemaphandleni kwiindawo ezikude. Iindawo ezininzi ezingaphandle kwegridi zifumana umbane wazo ngokusebenzisa i-solar microgrids, engaboneleli kuphela ngombane ococekileyo, oqoqosho, kodwa ibonelela ngamashishini asekuhlaleni ngeeyure ezinde zokusebenza kunye nokunceda ukukhulisa imveliso. Le nkqubo ayiphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho wobomi kubahlali basemaphandleni, kodwa idala imisebenzi kushishino lwelanga.

Iprojekthi yeSolar Home System e-Bangladesh: I-Bangladesh ineyona projekthi inkulu ngaphandle kwegrid emhlabeni. Urhulumente ubeke ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-4 zezixhobo zamakhaya ezisebenza ngamandla elanga emaphandleni, okonyusa kakhulu unikezelo lombane. Ezi nkqubo azifikeleleki nje kuphela, kodwa zidityaniswe nothungelwano losasazo lwasekhaya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uluntu lwasemaphandleni luxhamle unikezelo lombane oluthembekileyo. Impumelelo yale projekthi ibe negalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho, kuphuculwe umgangatho wokuphila, nokufikelela okungcono kwimfundo nokhathalelo lwempilo kubahlali basemaphandleni.

Amandla elanga anika isixhobo esinamandla sokufakelwa kombane kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho kumazwe asakhasayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ngokubonelela ngombane ofikelelekayo, ozinzileyo nothembekileyo, iinkqubo zelanga zinokuguqula ubomi babahlali basekuhlaleni, zinciphise intlupheko kwaye ziqhube ukukhula koqoqosho lwexesha elide. Nokuba kungezixokelelwano ezisasazwayo zamakhaya elanga okanye ii-microgrid zelanga zoluntu, amandla elanga anika uluntu lwasemaphandleni ukufikelela kumandla. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuncitshiswa okungaphezulu kweendleko, amandla elanga aya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kumazwe asakhulayo.