Phonononga izisombululo zelanga zokufakelwa kombane emaphandleni kumazwe asakhasayo

Kutheni amazwe asakhasayo efuna amandla elanga?
Ubonelelo ngombane yenye yeemfuno ezisisiseko zophuhliso lwangoku, kodwa unikezelo lombane oluthembekileyo lusanqongophala kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, ingakumbi emaphandleni. Ingxaki inzima kakhulu kwezi ndawo, apho ukuxinana kwabantu kusezantsi kwaye iziseko ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukwandisa umbane wesizwe zineendleko ezinkulu kwaye azinakwenzeka. Kule mimandla, amandla elanga anika isisombululo sokuguqula.

Amandla elanga sisixhobo esicocekileyo, esinokuhlaziywa kunye nesininzi, kwaye amazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo, ngakumbi lawo ahlala kwimimandla yetropiki, anokufikelela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuninzi unyaka wonke, okwenza amandla elanga abe yinto esebenzayo kwaye ezinzileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nokuveliswa kwamandla efosili yesiqhelo, iinkqubo zelanga zinokusasazwa kwiindawo ezikude ngaphandle kweziseko ezingundoqo ezixabisa kakhulu okanye iintambo zothumelo lomgama omde. Umbane welanga usasazwa ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba umzi ngamnye okanye uluntu lunokuvelisa kwaye lusebenzise umbane walo, ukuphelisa iindleko eziphezulu zokwandisa igridi.

Kumazwe asaphuhlayo, amandla elanga anokubonelela ngexabiso elifikelelekayo kunye nolungele ukusingqongileyo omnye umthombo wamandla. Ngemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yotyalo-mali, iinkqubo zelanga zingakhuthaza ukufakelwa kombane emaphandleni, ukuvuselela uqoqosho lwengingqi, kunye nokunceda ukujongana nemiba ebanzi efana nokufikelela kwamandla, intlupheko kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Iimpawu zeeprojekthi zamandla elanga kumazwe asakhasayo
Iiprojekthi zelanga kumazwe asaphuhlayo zihlala zinenani leempawu ezizodwa ezizenza zilungele ukufakelwa kombane emaphandleni:

Izisombululo zamandla asasazwayo: Uphawu oluphambili lwamandla elanga kumazwe asaphuhlayo yindlela asasazwa ngayo. Ngokungafaniyo nezityalo ezinkulu zamandla ezisasazwayo ezifuna iziseko zothumelo ezintsonkothileyo, iinkqubo zamandla elanga zinokufakwa kwinqanaba elincinci, kufutshane nendawo yokusetyenziswa kombane. Oku kwenza amandla elanga afaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni apho kungenakwenzeka ukwandisa igridi yesizwe ngokwezoqoqosho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amandla elanga asetyenziswa ngendlela yeenkqubo zasekhaya zelanga (SHS) okanye iigridi zelanga ezincinci zoluntu ukubonelela ngombane kwiilali okanye kuluntu lonke.

Iinkqubo ze-off-grid kunye ne-microgrid: Kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude, amakhaya asemaphandleni kumazwe asakhasayo awaqhagamshelwanga kwi-grid yesizwe. Iiprojekthi zelanga zihlala zigxila ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo ze-off-grid okanye ze-microgrid, ezizimeleyo, ezikwiindawo ezithile zamandla. Iinkqubo zelanga ze-off-grid zihlala ziquka iiphaneli zelanga ezincinci, iibhetri, kunye nee-inverters ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ikhaya ngeemfuno zamandla ezisisiseko ezifana nokukhanyisa, ukutshaja ifowuni, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezincinci. Ii-Microgrids, kwelinye icala, ziqhagamshela amakhaya amaninzi okanye izibonelelo zikawonke-wonke ukubonelela ngenkxaso yamandla amakhulu kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke ezifana nezikolo kunye neekliniki zonyango.

Ukubandakanyeka koluntu: Iiprojekthi zelanga kumazwe asakhasayo zihlala zigxininisa ukubandakanyeka koluntu kunye nokuxhotyiswa. Xa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lubandakanyeka kuyilo, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zelanga, izinga lempumelelo kunye nokuzinza kweeprojekthi kuphucuka kakhulu. Ngokubandakanya abemi basekuhlaleni, iiprojekthi zelanga azidali nje kuphela uphuhliso lwezakhono kunye namathuba engqesho, kodwa zikwakhuthaza imvakalelo yokuba ngumnini kunye noxanduva lwenkqubo.

Gxila ekufikeleleni nasekukhuleni: Iiprojekthi zelanga kumazwe asakhasayo zihlala ziyilelwe ukuba zibe zezoqoqosho kwaye zikhule. Iinkqubo ezininzi zelanga zinoyilo oluyimodyuli, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokwandiswa okanye ziphuculwe njengoko kufuneka. Oku kunika inkqubo yelanga ithuba lokuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwimfuno yamandla kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Oorhulumente, ii-NGO, kunye namacandelo abucala badla ngokusebenza kunye ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi, njengemali mboleko encinci, izibonelelo, okanye iimodeli ze-pay-as-you-go (PAYG) ezivumela amakhaya ukuba athenge iinkqubo zelanga ngezavenge ezincinci.

Iinzuzo zoqoqosho lweenkqubo zamandla elanga kumazwe asakhasayo
Amandla elanga azisa iinzuzo ezininzi kwezoqoqosho kumazwe asakhasayo, ingakumbi emaphandleni. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa ezingundoqo amandla elanga anokunyusa ukukhula koqoqosho:

Iindleko zamandla eziphantsi: Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili kwezoqoqosho zamandla elanga kukukwazi kwawo ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zamandla. Kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, abantu basemaphandleni baxhomekeke kwimithombo yamandla ebiza kakhulu nengcolisayo efana ne-kerosene yokukhanyisa kunye neejenereyitha zedizili ukuze ziwanike amandla. Amandla elanga axabisa kancinci kwixesha elide kwaye phantse akanazo iindleko zokusebenza. Ngokutshintsha izibane ze-kerosene ngezibane zelanga, amakhaya anokonga imali kwiindleko zamandla kwaye anciphise iingozi zempilo ezivela kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi.

Ukuveliswa kwemisebenzi kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono: Iiprojekthi zelanga zinokudala inani elikhulu lemisebenzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukufakelwa, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zelanga kufuna abasebenzi abaninzi abanezakhono, nto leyo enika amathuba emisebenzi kubemi basekuhlaleni. Ukongeza, amashishini amaninzi asekuhlaleni anokuvula amashishini anxulumene nelanga, njengokuthengisa iimveliso zelanga, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokufakelwa, okanye ukulawula iiprojekthi zelanga zoluntu. Ngale misebenzi mitsha, uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni lukhuthazwa ngakumbi.

Ukuphucula ukufikelela kwimfundo nempilo: Umbane othembekileyo ubalulekile kwimfundo nakwiinkonzo zempilo. Inkqubo yelanga inokwandisa ixesha lokuvulwa kwesikolo kwaye inike abafundi iimeko zokufunda ezingcono, ingakumbi ebusuku xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga. Kwiikliniki zonyango ezikude, izibane ezisebenzisa amandla elanga, iifriji kunye nezixhobo zonyango ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo zonyango ezisisiseko zinokubonelelwa nokuba umbane ucimile okanye ebusuku. Ngokuphuculwa kweemeko zemfundo nezonyango, imveliso yoluntu iyanda, nto leyo eqhuba uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho lwelizwe.

Ukwanda kwemveliso kunye namathuba okurhweba: Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, ukungabikho kombane othembekileyo kuye kwathintela imisebenzi emininzi yezoshishino kunye nezolimo. Iinkqubo zelanga zinokubonelela la mashishini ngombane ozinzileyo, okuwavumela ukuba asebenze ixesha elide kwaye asebenzise izixhobo zanamhlanje. Oku kuya kwandisa kakhulu imveliso, kwandise ingeniso kwaye kudale amathuba amatsha koosomashishini kumacandelo afana nezolimo, imveliso kunye neenkonzo.

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi zelanga kumazwe asakhasayo
IProjekthi yeNkqubo yeSolar yaseKenya (SHS): I-Kenya yenze impumelelo ephawulekayo ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla elanga, ngokukodwa ekuphunyezweni kweenkqubo zasekhaya zelanga (SHS) **. Le projekthi ibonelela ngezisombululo zelanga ezifikelelekayo kumakhaya angekho kwigrid kwiindawo ezikude, ebenza bakwazi ukukhanyisa, ukutshaja iiselfowuni kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zombane. Sithetha nje, zingaphezu kwesigidi esi-1.5 amakhaya eKenya athe axhamla kule projekthi, eye yanciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweparafini yaphucula nomgangatho wobomi beentsapho. Le projekthi ikwadale imisebenzi eliqela kushishino lwelanga, kuquka ukufakwa kwenkqubo, ukugcinwa nokuthengiswa.

Isicwangciso seSaubhagya saseIndiya: Isicwangciso seSaubhagya saseIndiya ** iPudamantri Sa Hajibbiji Hagyoga (Saubhagya Scheme) ** sijolise ekuboneleleni ngombane kuzo zonke iintsapho, ingakumbi iintsapho zasemaphandleni kwiindawo ezikude. Iindawo ezininzi ezingaphandle kwegridi zifumana umbane wazo ngee-solar microgrids, ezingaboneleli nje ngombane ococekileyo nongabizi kakhulu, kodwa zikwabonelela amashishini asekuhlaleni ngeeyure zokusebenza ezinde kwaye zinceda ekuphuculeni imveliso. Le nkqubo ayiphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho wobomi kubemi basemaphandleni, kodwa ikwadala nemisebenzi kwishishini lelanga.

Iprojekthi yeSolar Home System e-Bangladesh: I-Bangladesh ineyona projekthi inkulu ngaphandle kwegrid emhlabeni. Urhulumente ubeke ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-4 zezixhobo zamakhaya ezisebenza ngamandla elanga emaphandleni, okonyusa kakhulu unikezelo lombane. Ezi nkqubo azifikeleleki nje kuphela, kodwa zidityaniswe nothungelwano losasazo lwasekhaya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uluntu lwasemaphandleni luxhamle unikezelo lombane oluthembekileyo. Impumelelo yale projekthi ibe negalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho, kuphuculwe umgangatho wokuphila, nokufikelela okungcono kwimfundo nokhathalelo lwempilo kubahlali basemaphandleni.

Amandla elanga anika isixhobo esinamandla sokufakelwa kombane kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho kumazwe asakhasayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ngokubonelela ngombane ofikelelekayo, ozinzileyo nothembekileyo, iinkqubo zelanga zinokuguqula ubomi babahlali basekuhlaleni, zinciphise intlupheko kwaye ziqhube ukukhula koqoqosho lwexesha elide. Nokuba kungezixokelelwano ezisasazwayo zamakhaya elanga okanye ii-microgrid zelanga zoluntu, amandla elanga anika uluntu lwasemaphandleni ukufikelela kumandla. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuncitshiswa okungaphezulu kweendleko, amandla elanga aya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kumazwe asakhulayo.